Choosing the Right Female Shaver for Your Needs
Intro
In today's fast-paced world, personal grooming has shifted from a mere routine to a significant expression of individuality and self-care. Women across age groups are becoming increasingly discerning about their grooming tools, and the female shaver has emerged as a critical instrument in this journey. Navigating through the vast sea of options can be daunting, with myriad choices promising various benefits. Every brand touts their product as the best, but how do you sift through the fluff to find what truly meets your needs?
This guide will guide you through the intricate process of choosing the right shaver – one that aligns with your unique preferences and lifestyle. Whether you're a novice to the world of shaving or a seasoned pro looking to upgrade, this comprehensive exploration will illuminate the landscape, from technological advancements to practical maintenance. With informed insights and an emphasis on the evolving beauty trends, you're not just getting a shaver; you’re getting a newfound confidence in your daily grooming routine.
Foreword to Female Shaving
The art of female shaving goes beyond mere hair removal; it embodies cultural nuances, personal preferences, and evolving societal norms. Understanding the significance of this practice not only enhances personal grooming routines but also helps women navigate a myriad of options available in the market today. It's crucial to recognize that shaving isn’t simply about aesthetics; it also plays a role in comfort, confidence, and self-expression. In this guide, we will dive deep into the multifaceted world of women's shaving, illuminating its historical roots and the varied perspectives around it.
Historical Context
From ancient civilizations to the modern era, the act of shaving has carried significant weight in women's lives. Initially, many cultures viewed hair removal as a means of hygiene and practicality. For instance, in ancient Egypt, women often used crude instruments like seashells to achieve smooth skin, associating hairlessness with femininity and social status. Fast forward to the 20th century, with changing fashions and beauty ideals, brands began to market shaving products targeted specifically toward women, transforming it into a mainstream practice.
As we entered the late 1900s, the razor industry exploded, leading to an assortment of products, particularly for women. This transition highlights not only a change in technological advancements but also shifts in societal perceptions. Women began to shave not just for practicality, but as a form of self-care and empowerment. This historical evolution sets the stage for understanding current shaving practices and how they differ based on personal and cultural preferences.
Cultural Perspectives
Cultural beliefs profoundly influence how women perceive and approach shaving. In some societies, smooth-skinned women are celebrated, while in others, body hair is embraced as a natural and beautiful aspect of self. For instance, in Western cultures, societal pressures often lean towards hairlessness, driven by media portrayals and advertising. Women might feel compelled to maintain a certain aesthetic as a rite of passage into femininity, linking their self-worth to appearance.
Conversely, in various global cultures, body hair holds different connotations, often symbolizing natural beauty or resistance against Western norms. In places where movements for body positivity are gaining traction, women are increasingly embracing their natural forms, expanding discussions on what it means to be feminine in today’s world. Whether one opts for a clean shave or appreciates body hair, the choices remain deeply personal and reflect broader societal changes.
"Shaving is more than a beauty practice; it's a reflection of culture, identity, and choice."
These historical and cultural underpinnings create a rich tapestry for understanding female shaving. By acknowledging these contexts, we can better appreciate the various options available today and the reasons behind different preferences. As we proceed through this guide, we'll explore types of shavers and essential features to consider, equipping readers to make informed choices tailored to their diverse lifestyles.
Types of Female Shavers
When it comes to female grooming, selecting the right shaver can make a world of difference. Understanding the types of female shavers available helps in making informed choices. Each shaver type not only has unique features but also caters to different preferences and skin sensitivities. The right selection can enhance comfort and efficiency in shaving routines, ultimately leading to a satisfying experience.
Electric Shavers
Electric shavers are becoming increasingly popular due to their convenience and speed. These devices are designed for various hair types and skin sensitivities, providing options that can fit seamlessly into any woman's grooming routine.
Rotary Shavers
Rotary shavers work on a rotating blade system that glides over the skin. This unique method captures hair in a circular motion, allowing for a close shave without significant pressure on the skin. One key characteristic of rotary shavers is their ability to adapt to the contours of the body. This adaptability makes them a preferred choice for many women, especially those tackling tricky areas like the underarms or bikini line.
The unique feature of rotary shavers is their flexible heads which pivot in various directions. Therefore, they offer a thorough shave even in challenging spots. However, potential disadvantages include the learning curve to master their use effectively, and they may not provide as smooth a finish as some foil models.
Foil Shavers
Foil shavers utilize a thin layer of foil which encompasses the blades. This specific design lifts hair as it cuts, making it possible to achieve a closer shave. The key characteristic that sets foil shavers apart is their speed and how quietly they operate compared to rotary alternatives. This efficiency appeals to women who seek a quick grooming process without compromising on results.
One captivating feature of foil shavers is their precision, especially for maintaining defined lines, such as those on the legs or underarms. While they deliver a remarkable shave, women with sensitive skin may find that foil shavers can sometimes cause mild irritation, particularly if used too frequently.
Manual Razors
Manual razors remain a staple in the grooming routines of many women, primarily due to their affordability and simplicity. With various options available in this category, manual razors can suit any need, from everyday maintenance to special occasions.
Safety Razors
Safety razors offer a blend of tradition and practicality. These razors feature a protective guard that minimizes the risk of cuts while still delivering a close shave. A notable characteristic of safety razors is their long-term cost-effectiveness; although the initial investment may be higher compared to disposable razors, replacement razor blades are inexpensive.
The unique feature here is the ability to customize the blade angle and exposure, which permits users to adapt their shaving technique to suit their skin type and hair growth. This control can lead to a better shaving experience. However, they do require a bit more technique to use effectively. Some may find the adjustment period challenging, but many believe the results are worth the effort.
Disposable Razors
Disposable razors offer an accessible and convenient option for many. The principle behind these razors is straightforward—they are designed for single use, meaning less hassle with maintenance. A key characteristic of disposable razors is their lightweight design and relative affordability, making them a popular choice for travel or quick touch-ups.
The unique feature of these razors lies in their accessibility; they can easily be found in any drugstore and often come in multi-packs. However, the downside is that they typically do not maintain a sharp edge for long, often leading to a less comfortable shave over time. So while they're ideal for convenience, they can be a mixed bag in terms of performance.
Depilatory Creams
Depilatory creams represent a different approach altogether. These products work by chemically dissolving the hair below the skin surface and can provide a smooth finish without the risk of cuts. The appeal of these creams lies in their ease of use and effectiveness; you just apply, wait, and rinse.
However, a couple of considerations should be kept in mind. Some may experience allergic reactions or irritation from the ingredients, thus, it’s crucial to perform a patch test before use. Furthermore, results may vary based on hair thickness and skin type, making it less predictable compared to traditional shaving methods. Nonetheless, for women seeking a painless alternative, depilatory creams may be worth considering.
"Choosing the right type of shaver is more than just personal preference; it aligns with one's lifestyle and skin compatibility. Knowing the options allows for quality grooming without unnecessary complications."
By understanding the distinctions among electric shavers, manual razors, and depilatory creams, one can better select what aligns with their personal needs and preferences.
Key Features to Consider
When selecting a female shaver, certain characteristics can mean the difference between a smooth shave and a frustrating chore. Understanding these key features not only enhances the shaving experience but also maximizes the effectiveness and minimizes discomfort. Key elements to keep in mind include blade quality, ergonomics, and water resistance, each of which plays a vital role in ensuring that ladies enjoy efficient and irritation-free grooming.
Blade Quality
The quality of the blades is perhaps the most critical factor in any shaving device. Poorly designed blades can lead to uneven cuts, pulling, and skin irritation. High-quality blades are crafted from durable materials and undergo advanced manufacturing processes that ensure sharpness and longevity. Stainless steel is a common choice, as it resists rust and corrosion while providing a clean cut.
Moreover, the technology behind the blades also matters. Some brands use specialized coatings like ceramic or platinum for enhanced glide and skin protection. Women should look for shavers that highlight their blade technology. A smooth shave not only feels great but also reduces the chances of cuts and bumps. Investing in a reliable product can pay dividends in comfort and skin health.
Ergonomics
Next, let’s talk about ergonomics. This term refers to how comfortably a tool fits into your hand and works with the natural motions of your body. A shaver designed with user comfort in mind can significantly increase shave efficiency. Rounded edges and cushioned handles help prevent slips and ensure a firm grip, even in wet conditions.
It’s worth testing a shaver before making a purchase. If the grip feels awkward or cumbersome, it could affect your shaving routine in the long run. Shaving is often not just about function; it’s also about the feel. A well-balanced shaver can reduce user fatigue and enhance control. Choosing the right ergonomics is key, especially for women who shave frequently.
Water Resistance
Water resistance is another feature that should not be overlooked. Many products are designed for use in the shower or with shaving cream, which adds a layer of convenience and practicality. Being able to shave while showering is not only time-efficient but also helps to soften the hair and open up the pores, resulting in a closer shave.
When checking for water resistance, look for products labeled as waterproof. This specification means they can withstand exposure to water without compromising their functionality. Regular maintenance becomes easier, too, as blades can often be rinsed clean under running water. Furthermore, some models even have a feature allowing for wet and dry use, giving users flexibility depending on their preferences.
"A smarter design means better performance and less hassle," many users would agree that a well-thought-out structure can transform their shaving routine.
By focusing on blade quality, ergonomics, and water resistance, women can make more informed decisions that lead to a more enjoyable shaving experience. A good shaver isn’t just a tool; it’s an investment in self-care.
Advantages of Using a Female Shaver
Choosing a female shaver can feel like a daunting task, but understanding its advantages can make a significant difference in your grooming routine. Female shavers are designed with the unique needs of women's skin in mind, enhancing the shaving experience by addressing common concerns like sensitivity, speed, and cost.
Skin Sensitivity
One of the main benefits of using a female shaver is its gentle approach towards skin sensitivity. Women often have delicate skin, prone to irritation or allergic reactions. Specialized female shavers take this into consideration, often equipped with features like hypoallergenic blades or skin guard technology to minimize friction. This results in a smoother shave that reduces the risk of redness, bumps, and global irritation.
"Finding a shaver that suits my sensitive skin was a game changer! I no longer fear nicks or the dreaded post-shave itch."
Moreover, selecting the right shaver encourages a more enjoyable shaving experience. Shavers with adjustable settings can be tailored to suit different parts of the body, giving you control over pressure and speed, helping to avoid any discomfort.
Convenience and Speed
In today’s fast-paced world, convenience is a top priority. Female shavers are designed to be incredibly user-friendly. The electric variants, in particular, can tackle shaving duties in a fraction of the time compared to traditional manual methods. It’s worth noting that many electric female shavers offer wet-dry functionality, allowing you the flexibility to shave in the shower or at the sink, catering to your personal preference.
The speed and efficiency of these devices cannot be overstated. With a good electric shaver, it can take as little as five minutes to achieve smooth skin, making it ideal for busy mornings or last-minute outings. For instance, if you need to quickly get ready for a night out, a quick buzz with a shaver saves valuable time compared to the longer, ritualistic process of traditional shaving.
Cost-effectiveness
Cost-effectiveness is another significant advantage of using a female shaver. When analyzing the total cost of grooming routines, electric and manual shavers can offer long-term savings. While the upfront investment for electric shavers might be higher, these devices typically have durable blades that require less frequent replacement.
On the other hand, manual razors often need constant replenishing of blades. This might seem cheaper initially, but over time, the costs can accumulate. Moreover, depilatory creams and salon waxing services are frequently more expensive, not factoring in the discomfort they can cause.
To put things in perspective:
- Electric shavers offer durability and fewer replacements leading to long-term savings.
- Manual razors can add up quickly due to continuous blade replacement.
- Alternative hair removal methods like waxing can be costly and time-intensive.
Thus, when taking a holistic view of your grooming budget, a female shaver shares the spotlight as a savvy and economically sensible choice.
Disadvantages of Female Shavers
When discussing the best female shavers, it’s equally essential to shed light on the downsides. Understanding these disadvantages can assist in making informed decisions for your grooming routine. While women of all ages appreciate the convenience of female shavers, negligence towards the potential drawbacks might result in discomfort or frustration.
Risk of Cuts and Nicks
One of the foremost concerns when using female shavers is the risk of cuts and nicks. Even with modern designs and careful handling, accidents can happen. The blade or head of the shaver might grip unevenly against the skin, leading to an unwanted scrape. Often, the first few uses can feel like a learning curve, where one needs to gauge the right amount of pressure and speed during shaving.
To minimize these accidents, choosing a shaver with a safety guard or rounded edges can be beneficial. These features are designed to create a barrier between the blade and the skin, protecting delicate areas from accidental injury. Additionally, ensuring the skin is properly prepped—by exfoliating and moisturizing—can vastly reduce the likelihood of such incidents.
"A little caution can go a long way. The aim is smooth skin, not battle scars."
Irritation and Ingrown Hairs
Another issue that often arises with female shavers is skin irritation and the dreaded ingrown hairs. For many, regular shaving can provoke red bumps, dryness, or rashes. It’s not an uncommon story: you use a fresh, sharp blade, and yet, somehow, your skin reacts like it just met an old foe. Shaving can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to dryness.
Ingrown hairs further complicate things. They occur when hair grows back into the skin instead of outward, creating painful bumps. Usually, this is more prevalent in individuals with curly or coarse hair textures, as the hair can curve back into the skin easily. To alleviate these issues, incorporating a good after-shave lotion or oil into your routine can hydrate the skin.
Moreover, periodically changing the shaving method—for example, from a manual razor to an electric shaver—might help mitigate these reactions.
Regular usage of exfoliants can also keep the pores clear, reducing the chances of ingrown hairs.
Ultimately, while the convenience of female shavers is undeniable, being aware and proactive about their disadvantages can transform your shaving experience, making it smooth and irritation-free.
How to Choose the Best Female Shaver
Choosing the right female shaver can feel like wandering through a maze without a map. With all the choices available today, it’s vital to consider several factors to ensure you find the perfect match for your grooming needs. This section dives into the elements that contribute to making an informed decision, including identifying your skin type and personal preferences, budget considerations, and the reputation of the brands you are considering. Understanding these aspects helps prevent buyer's remorse and enhances your shaving experience.
Identifying Skin Type and Needs
Knowing your skin type is like having a secret weapon when searching for a shaver. Not every shaver suits every skin type; what works wonders for one person may leave another with irritated, unhappy skin. Here are some skin types and needs to consider:
- Sensitive Skin: If your skin tends to be easily irritated, look for shavers designed specifically for sensitive areas. These often have features like skin guards or hypoallergenic capabilities, reducing the risk of bumps and redness.
- Normal to Oily Skin: Opt for shavers with versatile uses, as they can handle regular shaving without too much fuss.
- Dry Skin: Look for electric shavers with moisturizing strips; these can provide a little extra care during your shaving routine.
It's not just about skin type, either. Think about areas you plan on shaving. A shaver that's great for legs might not be the best choice for underarms or your bikini line, as these could require different tools or approaches.
Budget Considerations
Everyone has a budget, so it's wise to think about how much you're ready to spend before diving into purchases. But remember, just because a product comes with a fancy price tag doesn't mean it’s the best option for you. Here are some points to ponder when setting your budget for a shaver:
- Initial Cost vs. Long-term Investment: Sometimes, a higher upfront cost could save you money in the long run if the shaver has replaceable parts that last longer than cheaper alternatives.
- Features vs. Price: Go for shavers that meet your specific needs without getting lured by gimmicky features that you may never use. For instance, a very basic shaver may serve you just as well as one with a battery that lasts longer than the lifespan of the product.
- Additional Costs: Don't forget to consider the ongoing expenses. This might include replacement blades, maintenance products, and even costs for special creams or services.
Brand Reputation
In the world of shaving, reputation matters. Some brands have made names for themselves by consistently delivering quality products, while others might not stand up to scrutiny. Here are several tips on how to evaluate a brand’s reputation before committing your hard-earned cash:
- Research Reviews: Platforms like Reddit or social media can offer real user insights. Pay attention to both the positive comments and the warnings, balancing the perspectives.
- Longevity in the Market: Brands that have been around for a while often do so because they produce reliable products. Newer companies might offer innovations, but they come with risks.
- Customer Servie: A brand that offers good after-care and support is worth considering, especially if you run into any troubles later on.
In summary, choosing the best female shaver involves much thought and analysis. Taking the time to assess your skin type, budget, and brand reputation pays off, optimizing your overall grooming routine and keeping your skin happy.
Maintenance and Care for Shavers
Maintenance and care for shavers is often overlooked in the hustle and bustle of daily life. However, keeping your shaver in top condition is crucial not only for its performance but also for your skin health. A well-maintained shaver offers a smoother experience and lasts longer, saving you both time and money in the long run. Here we will delve into the key practices that can enhance your shaving routine, ensuring that you get the best results every time.
Regular Cleaning
Cleaning your shaver after each use may seem like a chore, but it’s one that pays off in multiple ways. Shaving can leave behind hair, skin cells, and even shaving cream residues that can accumulate over time. If ignored, these can lead to bacteria growth and irritation.
To clean effectively, follow these steps:
- Remove the head: Most electric shavers come with a detachable head for easy cleaning. Start by taking it off.
- Rinse under water: Many shavers are water-resistant, allowing you to rinse the head under warm running water. This helps to dislodge any hair or debris trapped in the blades.
- Use a brush: Utilize the cleaning brush usually included with the shaver to reach spots that might be difficult to clean solely with water.
"A clean shaver is a happy shaver!"
By including regular cleaning in your routine, you ensure that your shaver operates efficiently. It makes for a closer, more comfortable shave and keeps your skin healthy by reducing the risk of irritation.
Replacing Blades
All blades don’t last forever; even the best ones need replacing eventually. Dull blades can tug at the hair instead of cutting it cleanly, causing discomfort and increasing the risk of nicks.
Here’s how to determine when to replace blades:
- Frequency of Use: If you shave every day, you might need to change blades every few weeks.
- Blade Wear: Look for signs of wear. If the blades seem discolored or feel rough, it’s time for a change.
Regularly replacing blades not only improves the quality of your shave but also keeps you safe by minimizing irritation. Ensure you check the manufacturer’s recommendations for blade replacement; they often provide specific timelines based on usage.
Storage Practices
Finally, how you store your shaver can greatly affect its longevity and performance. Storing it properly reduces the wear and tear that might occur when you leave it out in the open. Here are some tips:
- Keep it dry: Moisture can cause the blades to rust. Always store your shaver in a dry place and, if possible, use a protective case.
- Avoid extreme temperatures: Stashing your shaver in a hot bathroom cabinet might not be the best idea. High temperatures can damage electrical components over time.
- Away from dust: Dust can infiltrate and clog the blades, so storing your shaver in a drawer or a bag can help protect it.
Proper maintenance and care are essential in getting the most out of your female shaver. With practices like cleaning, blade replacement, and sensible storage, you can enjoy a smoother and healthier shaving experience.
Industry Trends and Innovations
The beauty and grooming industry is in constant flux, evolving in reponse to consumer demands, advancements in technology, and shifts in societal attitudes. In the realm of female shaving, understanding the latest trends and innovations is crucial for ensuring a satisfying grooming experience. This section dives into the core elements that shape the market, focusing on how these trends benefit users and what considerations arise from them.
Technological Advances in Shaving
In recent years, the shaving world has experienced remarkable technological progress. From smart razors that connect to your smartphone to adjustable blade settings that cater to individual preferences, the advancements are nearly endless.
- Smart Features: Today’s razors can integrate with mobile apps, providing real-time feedback on shaving techniques, optimal pressure application, and even maintenance reminders. This tech not only enhances the user experience but also promotes better shaving habits.
- Improved Blades: Manufacturers now utilize advanced materials and coatings that significantly reduce friction and enhance blade longevity. For instance, some brands have introduced diamond-like carbon coatings that make blades sharper and more durable.
- Ergonomic Designs: There's a continuous emphasis on ergonomics to make shavers comfortable to use. Contoured handles and anti-slip grips ensure that maintaining the right angle is easier, leading to a safer shave.
These innovations make shaving less of a chore and more of a personalized experience. Women can now choose shavers that perfectly align with their specific skin types and preferences, making it easier to achieve that smooth, flawless finish.
Sustainability in Female Grooming
As awareness around environmental issues grows, sustainability in grooming practices is becoming increasingly significant. Shaving is no exception, with many brands prioritizing eco-friendly practices and products.
- Reusable Razors: Gone are the days when disposable razors dominated the market. More women are turning to stainless steel safety razors, which not only reduce waste but also offer a closer shave and lower long-term costs.
- Biodegradable Products: Many companies are now producing shaving creams and gels that are made from natural ingredients and come in recyclable or biodegradable packaging. This shift reflects a broader trend toward clean beauty where being kind to the skin also means being kind to the planet.
- Plant-Based Blades: Innovations even extend to the blades themselves. Companies are exploring materials derived from sustainable resources to create environmentally friendly blades, reducing reliance on plastics.
"Sustainability in grooming is not just a trend; it’s a movement that encourages women to make conscious choices that benefit both their skin and the environment."
By choosing sustainable options, consumers can feel empowered, knowing their grooming choices contribute positively to the planet. This growing trend promotes not only individual health and beauty but also a collective responsibility towards a healthier world.
Expert Recommendations
When it comes to navigating the murky waters of selecting a female shaver, relying on expert recommendations can be a lighthouse guiding you through the fog. This segment of our article takes a closer look at what expert insights can offer. With a perennial swell of products saturating the market, understanding which ones are considered top-tier can save both time and disappointment.
Importance of Expert Recommendations
Expert recommendations are crucial because they blend experience with knowledge. Professional reviews from dermatologists, beauty bloggers, or industry insiders often reveal nuances that regular consumers might overlook. They can help to clarify:
- Quality Assurance: Professionals often test shavers against rigorous standards, ensuring that the recommended products maintain a certain level of quality.
- Skin-Friendliness: Some shavers might be advertised as suitable for all skin types, but experts can provide insights into which actually cater to sensitive skin versus those that might cause irritation.
- Innovations: Experts are usually ahead of trends. Their recommendations can highlight products that incorporate recent technological advancements, which can vastly enhance the user experience, whether that means smoother shaving or additional features for convenience.
In summary, considering expert recommendations allows consumers to bypass hit-or-miss products and make educated choices.
Top Brands and Products
When diving into the deep end, you want to know which brands float to the top. Here are some of the heavy-hitters in the female shaving market widely endorsed by experts:
- Philips: Known for their electric shavers, Philips combines cutting-edge technology with comfort. Their models often feature multiple speed settings and ergonomic designs, catering to various grooming preferences.
- Braun: Braun’s shavers are widely acclaimed for their precision and skin protection technology. They have options that tackle various grooming needs, from body hair to facial fuzz.
- Gillette Venus: A household name, Gillette Venus is synonymous with quality manual razors. Their products are designed specifically for women, featuring blades that glide smoothly to reduce irritation.
- Schick: Schick offers multiple safety razors that have gained praise for their durability and effectiveness. They’re popular choices for those who prefer a classic approach to shaving.
Always look for user reviews that speak to your particular needs, as what works for one skin type may not suit another.
User Testimonials and Reviews
While expert opinions are indispensable, firsthand experiences often provide a relatable touchpoint that technical reviews can lack. User testimonials add flavor to the conversation, revealing how products perform in real-life scenarios. These reviews can highlight:
- Practicality: Users often discuss how easy and comfortable a shaver is to use. Information on battery life, charging time, or cords can determine whether a product fits into your daily routine.
- Efficacy: Customer reviews frequently detail how well a product does its job. Does it provide a close shave? How often do users experience irritation?
- Longevity: Feedback also tends to mention how long products last before they require replacing blades or batteries, which is essential for budget-conscious consumers.
Incorporating user testimonials into your decision-making process not only backs up expert recommendations but adds a layer of authenticity. User feedback often illustrates a wide range of experiences, shedding light on potential downsides as well.
"I tried several electric shavers before landing on Braun. There was just something about the way it felt in hand—like it was made for me! Never going back to disposables again."
When choosing your next female shaver, let a blend of expertise and authenticity guide your journey toward smooth skin.
Ending
Understanding the significance of choosing the right female shaver can greatly influence one’s grooming experience. This guide encapsulates a variety of factors that frame the decision-making process. From knowing the types of shavers available to recognizing key features like blade quality and ergonomics, each element plays a critical role in ensuring an effective and comfortable shaving session.
Recap of Key Points
Throughout this article, several key points emerged:
- Types of Shavers: Women can select from electric shavers, manual razors, and depilatory creams, each coming with its set of pros and cons.
- Features to Consider: It's crucial to assess blade quality, ergonomics, and water resistance when selecting a shaver.
- Advantages and Disadvantages: We’ve discussed how shavers can provide a quick and convenient option, while also highlighting the potential risks like cuts or irritation.
- Maintenance Tips: Regular cleaning, timely blade replacement, and proper storage practices contribute to the longevity of shavers.
- Industry Trends: Keeping an eye on technological advancements and sustainability can help consumers stay ahead of the curve in their grooming choices.
